Which means a 50% increase in greenhouse gas emissions, too.
Tag Archive | "greenhouse gas emissions"
Tags: fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, increase, Powered, world
World on Course to be Powered 85% by Fossil Fuels in 2050
Posted on 16 March 2012 by Sustainability Digest
Tags: bad idea, climate news, greenhouse gas emissions, leaks, methane
Climate News Recap: Weaker Sun Won’t Slow Warming; Plus, More on Leaking Siberian Methane
Posted on 24 January 2012 by Sustainability Digest
Catching our eye in climate news this morning are the effect of the sun on global warming, a primer on Siberian methane leaks, some new data on US greenhouse gas emissions, and commentary on proposals to move NOAA to the Dept of Interior (a bad idea).
Tags: contraception, family planning, greenhouse gas emissions, lars
World Contraception Day is For Women’s Rights, But It’s For the Environment, Too
Posted on 28 September 2011 by Sustainability Digest
Image: Lars Plougmann via flickr
The connection between increased access to family planning and greenhouse gas emissions has been covered here before, but since World Contraception Day was this week and we’re still Read the full story on TreeHugger
Tags: energy sources for electricity, greenhouse gas emissions, liars poker, life cycle approach, relative consistency
EVs, Lithium-ion Batteries and Liars Poker
Posted on 19 August 2011 by Sustainability Digest
John Petersen
Last week I stumbled across a link that led to a 2010 report from
the National Research Council titled “
of Energy, Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use.”
This free 506-page book takes a life-cycle approach – from fuel
extraction to energy production, distribution, and use to disposal
of waste products – and attempts to quantify the health, climate and
other unpriced damages that arise from the use of various energy
sources for electricity, transportation and heat. After studying the
NRC’s discussion of the unpriced health effects, other nonclimate
damages and greenhouse gas emissions of various transportation
alternatives, and thinking about what the numbers really mean, I’ve
come to the conclusion that the electric vehicle advocates are
playing liars poker with their cost and benefit numbers –
emphasizing a couple areas where electric drive is superior and
de-emphasizing or completely ignoring a far larger number of areas
where electric drive is clearly inferior. The result, of course, is unfounded and wildly
optimistic claims of superiority based on four sevens in a ten digit
serial number that don’t mean a thing if your goal is to evaluate
the entire serial number.
The first graph from the introduction summarizes the unpriced health
and other nonclimate damages arising from the use of thirteen
different vehicle fueling technologies over the entire cycle life of
an automobile and quantifies the unpriced mine to junkyard cost per
vehicle mile traveled, including well or mine to wheels costs of
manufacturing the vehicle and fueling it over its operational life.
The thing I found most surprising was the relative consistency of
the numbers across all thirteen classes, both for today and for the
future, and the fact that many advanced drive train technologies
score lower than their conventional cousins because the unpriced
costs of manufacturing the vehicle or processing the fuel exceed the
claimed operating benefits. When you look at the realities from a
cradle to grave perspective there are no clearly superior choices
and the values are all clustered within ±15% of a $1.25
average. While I derive some personal satisfaction from the idea
that the low cost winners are a Prius-class HEV or an internal
combustion engine with a CNG fuel system, and that electric drive is
just a smidgen cleaner than a diesel engine burning fuel produced
from Fischer Tropsch coal liquifaction, the reality is that none of
the advanced technologies are inherently better. They’re just more
expensive.
The game is simply not worth the candle. It’s certainly not worth
the enormous expenditures of public funds that governments worldwide
don’t have. There’s nothing electric drive can accomplish that CNG
and fuel efficiency can’t accomplish cleaner, faster and
cheaper.
The second graph from the introduction summarizes the unpriced
greenhouse gas damages arising from the use of the thirteen
different vehicle fueling technologies over the cycle life of an
automobile. While the range of variation around a current average of
about 450 grams of CO2 per vehicle mile traveled is a
little wider at ±25%, once again it’s just not worth getting
worked up over inconsequential differences that entail substantial
incremental costs.
One of the most intriguing take aways from these two graphs is the
inescapable conclusion that the differences today are modest and as
technologies mature and improve the differences will become less
important, not more. By 2030, plug-ins will have no advantage over internal
combustion when it comes to greenhouse gasses and be significantly
worse than internal combustion when it comes to health and other
nonclimate costs.
Over the years I’ve suffered endless abuse from commenters who decry
my appalling lack of vision when it comes to lithium-ion superstars like Ener1
(HEV),
A123 Systems (
Altair Nanotechnologies (
and Valence Technologies (
that are certain to drive battery performance to new highs while
driving manufacturing costs to new lows and enabling a paradigm
shift to electric cars from Tesla Motors (
Nissan (NSANY.PK),
General Motors (GM)
and a veritable host of newcomers that are positioning for future
IPOs and certain to change the world. While the following graph is a
little dated, it shows why the electric pipe dream can’t happen
unless some genius in a garage comes up with an entirely new way to
store electricity.
Liars poker can be a fun way to fritter away the hours in Wall Street
watering holes like Fraunces Tavern, but it creates enormous risk
for investors who hear about four sevens but never hear about the
other six characters in the serial number. I’ve seen this melodrama
before. For the period from 2000 through 2003 fuel cell developers
like Ballard Power (
and FuelCell Energy (
carried nosebleed market capitalizations based solely on dreams.
From 2005 through 2007, it was the age of corn ethanol kings like
Pacific Ethanol (
Lithium-ion battery developers have already taken it on the chin and
there’s no question in my mind that Tesla will be the next domino to
fall. Its demise is every bit as predictable and certain as Ener1′s
was.
It’s frequently said that those who do not learn from history are
condemned to repeat it. There isn’t much I can add.
Disclosure: None.
Tags: al gore, extreme weather, greenhouse gas emissions, heatwaves, weather and climate
Al Gore Weighs in on Extreme Weather and Climate Change (Video)
Posted on 20 June 2011 by Sustainability Digest
For many years now, scientists have predicted that increasing the concentration of greenhouse gas emissions in the earth’s atmosphere will bring about more extreme weather: Droughts, heavy rainfall, floods, heatwaves. And wouldn’t you know it? Over the last year, regions around the world have been wracked by each — and often with a severity not seen before in recorded history. And yet, still we fail to act to address the issue — a fact that clearly not only…Read the full story on TreeHugger
Related Blogs
- Related Blogs on al gore
- p2pnet news » Blog Archive » Oil sands opponent Al Gore at conference
- Related Blogs on extreme weather
- STRANDED BY EXTREME WEATHER (update 3 Jan) « Moreidlethoughts Weblog
Tags: climate scientists, constituent of natural gas, greenhouse gas emissions, natural gas reserves, policy assumptions
The Clean Fossil Fuel? Natural Gas Under Fire
Posted on 24 May 2011 by Sustainability Digest
By Christopher Mims
According It’s for these reasons, among others, that many experts and Still, there’s another side to the story: recent research on the A controversial paper Methane, the primary constituent of natural gas, is up to Robert This discussion was heightened last month when Robert Howarth, a Howarth and his co-authors argue that one of the main problems “If you look at the inventory of emissions of human-controlled Capturing “fugitive” gas Industry has a monetary incentive to eliminate these losses, at Howarth came to the conclusion that when we use frack-produced Conclusions questioned Howarth’s conclusions have come under fire from both scientists Science is an iterative process, and Howarth himself admits that The conclusion of scientists like Bill Chameides, Dean of Duke’s Natural gas key to more renewables What’s more, because natural gas power plants can be fired up so “I would say that without natural gas, the grid will not be able As executive director or the RenewElec project, which aims to Howarth believes that in the future, the major drivers of these The good news is that it seems the effects of methane gas can be Christopher Mims is a contributor to Good, Technology This article first appeared in the
to some of the most complete calculations available, when we use
natural gas to generate electricity in an average power plant, it
in
40
percent
less warming
than if we generate the same electricity with coal. If we fully
utilized the natural gas-fired power plants that already exist in this
country, we could
reduce
the
amount
of coal we’re burning practically overnight.
What’s more, primarily because of access to new natural gas reserves,
proved reserves of natural gas recently shot up to
trillion
cubic
feet – more than we’ve had on hand at any time since
1971.
policymakers have proposed
to
natural
gas
as a “bridge fuel”
to immediately reduce greenhouse gas emissions while we undertake the
much larger and long-term project of ramping up the percentage of our
energy generated from renewables, which is currently
(Most
of
the
that renewable energy is hydroelectric and biomass, to
boot.)
lifecycle of natural gas, from the moment we remove it from the ground
to the moment it’s burned, has challenged assumptions about its
climate-friendliness. At base, economic and policy assumptions about
whether we can use natural gas to reduce emissions in the short-term
depend on what we know about the effects of its extraction and use on
the atmosphere.
times
more
powerful
a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide over a 20
year time horizon (though other studies have found it is 72 times more
powerful). As many climate scientists have pointed
out, it’s precisely
near-term
warming
effects
that we want to avoid if we wish to avoid
pushing the climate toward disaster.
src="http://www.altenergystocks.com/archives/GIF_HowarthWEB2011.gif"
class="size-full wp-image-5881"
style="border: 0px solid ; width: 200px; height: 200px;">
Howarth: The Cornell professor’s
paper shook the natural gas establishment.
professor of ecology and environmental biology at Cornell University,
published a controversial paper arguing that natural gas from fracking
has a greater net warming effect on the climate than burning coal.
with
methane is that, as a gas, it tends to leak into the atmosphere both
when it’s drilled and when it’s transported. Hydraulic fracturing, or
fracking, is the process by which wells are drilled into shale rock,
then water and a mix of chemicals are injected at high pressure, to
crack or “frack” the deposit, allowing natural gas to escape.
methane from the U.S., 25-50 percent of it is from [the use of] natural
gas,” says Howarth.
least during the drilling and initial distribution stages, but thus far
it has been slow to do so. Granted, there are barriers to eliminating
leaks. For example, when a new well is being drilled, gas storage
infrastructure must also be built in advance in order to capture the
gas that leaks during the drilling phase. The EPA has studied Reduced
Emission Completions technologies, and concluded that on the average
well, these technologies mean a higher up-front investment, but they
for
themselves
after
3-5 months by capturing gas that would
otherwise be lost. Still, at present they are rarely built.
natural gas to generate electricity, the net effect on the climate is
worse than coal when looked at from the perspective of the next 20
years. (When looked at over the course of the next 100 years, natural
gas comes out ahead of coal, because methane is removed from the
atmosphere more quickly than carbon dioxide.) This distinction is
crucial: as conventional natural gas wells in the U.S. decline as a
proportion of our gas production, more and
of
our
gas
will come from fracked wells.
and industry.
the
data he used to determine the natural gas lost during the drilling
process were sparse. Unfortunately, they’re the only data available.
Nicholas School of the Environment, is that we
don’t
yet
have
enough information
to determine the climatic effect of natural gas from fracking. That
won’t change until academics and industry obtain better measurements of
losses of methane during drilling.
quickly, they play a unique role in the world’s electricity production
system — they are activated when supply, as from renewables, is
outstripped by demand.
to
manage the variability and intermittency in power output from wind and
solar plants,” says Paulina Jaramillo, a professor of engineering at
Carnegie Mellon.
increase the proportion of intermittent sources of renewable energy in
the world grid, Jaramillo specializes in thinking about the transition
off fossil fuels. She doesn’t believe we’ll be able to get more solar
and wind on the grid without natural gas, precisely because the only
alternative — storage mechanisms like batteries and demand-side
management — aren’t far enough along.
human emissions of methane will prove to be use of natural gas,
especially if we come to rely on it for an ever larger portion of our
energy.
limited through action by industry. But the economics of drilling,
mediated by the actions of regulators, will determine just how “clean”
natural gas ultimately proves to be.
Review
and The Huffington Post, and is a former editor at Scientific American
and Grist.org. He tweets @mims.
and is reprinted with permission.
Tags: carbon emissions, co2 emissions, containerized shipping, greenhouse gas emissions, inaccurate conclusions
The Best Peak Oil Investments: Maersk
Posted on 23 May 2011 by Sustainability Digest
Tom Konrad CFA
Containerized shipping is the most
efficient way to move goods, but few ships are nearly as efficient as
they could be. One company is steaming ahead of the pack.
It seems obvious that more international trade increases greenhouse gas
emissions. After all, if we buy local products rather than
products made halfway around the world, we will save all the carbon
emissions required to ship them to us. It also seems to make
sense that rising fuel prices will lead to a decrease in international
trade, as companies reduce fuel use by assembling things closer to
markets.
This facile intuition can lead us to some very inaccurate conclusions.
The manufacture of materials typically
for far more of their embodied carbon than their transport, and the
mode of transport will also have a big impact on embodied carbon.
Here is a chart showing the associated CO2 emissions of various modes
of transport (
| Air plane (air cargo), average Cargo B747 |
500 g |
| Modern lorry or truck |
60 to 150 g |
| Modern train |
30 to 100 g |
| Modern ship (sea freight) |
10 to 40 g |
With trucks emitting far more CO2 per mile than cargo ships, a consumer
in Los Angeles will have lower emissions from transport of an iPad
in from China than he would if he could buy the same item assembled
in Indiana. (That is, if Apple were to assemble iPads in Indiana.)
Contrary to the obvious assumption, rising fuel prices might actually
cause the use of ships for freight, as manufacturers reduce fuel use
not by shipping things shorter distances, but by relying more heavily
on efficient sea freight at the expense of less efficient land- and
air-based modes of transport. Efforts to reduce carbon emissions
might also end up increasing international trade and shipping, as
with strict carbon emissions shift production (and emissions) to
countries with less strict caps (or no caps at all.)
Ship Shape
While rising fuel prices and greenhouse reduction goals may end up
favoring the shipping industry as a whole, they will also do a lot to
re-shape the industry. Fuel, after all, is not just a source of
emissions for the shipping industry, it is a cost, so higher fuel
prices mean that more efficient shippers will have a greater cost and
profitability advantage.
There are many highly economical measures that a ship owner can take to
improve the efficiency of their vessel, many of which were discussed in
a panel on shipping at the Carbon
War Room‘s Creating
Climate Wealth Conference on May 4th. According to Peter
Boyd, the Carbon War Room’s COO, there is the potential to save 30% of
shipping fuel just by applying measures with paybacks of three years or
less. Such measures include hull coatings, sails, using fans to
force air bubbles under the ships hull, making the ship ride higher in
the water, and waste heat recovery from the ship’s engines. The
economics of such measures are further improved because
ports give discounts or special privileges to more fuel efficient
(and less polluting) ships.
The problem is that approximately two thirds of the shipping fleet is
leased, not owned, by its operators. This creates a
split-incentive, because the ship owner (who would pay for the
upgrades) does not get the benefit of savings on fuel
consumption.
Ship operators who own more of their ships will therefore have an
advantage in terms of reducing fuel use. The largest operator of
container ships, A.P. Moeller-Maersk (Copenhagen: MAERSK-A,
has such an advantage, since they own approximately half of the ships
they operate. Furthermore, Maersk has shown a commitment to fuel
efficiency, providing data on all their ships (even the poorly
performing ones) to ShippingEfficiency.org,
doing retrofits on their existing fleet, and aggressively incorporating
fuel saving technologies into the new ships they order.
Ship operators who lease most of their ships only have one easy option
to save fuel: slow steaming. Just as you get better gas mileage
by driving 55 than driving 70, ships can also unlock substantial fuel
savings with “slow steaming.” Maersk is also a
in its commitment to slow steaming. While any operator can
choose to run its ships slower to save fuel, this, too, provides a
hidden advantage for ship owners: Lowering ship speeds effectively
the global fleet’s carrying capacity, increasing the demand (and prices)
for ships.
Conclusion
If you, like me, believe that current high oil prices are not just a
blip, you should also believe that shipping companies with a proven
commitment to efficiency will outperform their peers in the years to
come. Since the shipping fleet takes decades to turn over, energy
efficiency first movers will retain a long term advantage, even if
other firms belatedly wake up to the advantages.
What is less clear is how the shipping industry as a whole will fare as
a result of long term increases in the price of fuel. Shipping
will probably gain market share from less efficient modes of transport,
but higher fuel prices may also cause the entire transportation pie to
shrink. This uncertainty suggests that a long position in Maersk (
might best be hedged with a short position in a broad transport ETF,
such as the iShares Dow Jones Transportation Average (
DISCLOSURE: No Positions.
DISCLAIMER: Past performance is
not a guarantee
or a reliable indicator of future results. This article contains
the current opinions of the author and such opinions are subject to
change without notice. This article has been distributed for
informational purposes only. Forecasts, estimates, and certain
information contained herein should not be considered as investment
advice or a recommendation of any particular security, strategy or
investment product. Information contained herein has been
obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but not guaranteed.
Tags: greenhouse gas emissions, lee jordan, royal dutch shell, sustainability report, wasteful practice
Shell Emissions Up by 9% Last Year, Natural Gas Flaring Up 32%
Posted on 18 April 2011 by Sustainability Digest
Image: Lee Jordan via flickr
Royal Dutch Shell has released a sustainability report for 2010 showing that its direct greenhouse gas emissions rose by nine percent, and natural gas flaring—a wasteful practice that contributes its own emissions—increased by 32 percent. Shell attributes the increase to expanded production, including in Nigeria, where it says security has improved. People <a href="http://www.ny…Read the full story on TreeHugger
Related Blogs
- Related Blogs on greenhouse gas emissions
- Fall in UK greenhouse gas emissions (source: foe.co.uk)
- Important new study details mountaintop removal coal mining's huge …
- NewNet News – Carbon trading no longer an investable theme, says …
- Related Blogs on lee jordan
- Related Blogs on royal dutch shell
- Plumbing Atlanta
Tags: galileo project, greenhouse gas emissions, industrial interests, journalist mark, mark hertsgaard
Do the Powers that Be Really Want to Deny Another Galileo?
Posted on 15 February 2011 by Sustainability Digest
Image: Galileo Project, Wikimedia, CC
There’s really no rational way a human can dispute the fact that the vast majority of the world’s scientists believe that greenhouse gas emissions generated by man are warming the climate. It’s one of the most important findings of modern science, and it’s supported by an impressively massive body of evidence. But, as you know, many politicians — who represent large swaths of the nation — are in outright, public denial of these findings. As are innumerable leading industrial interests. Journalist Mark Hertsgaard has a question for …Read the full story on TreeHugger
Tags: greenhouse gas emissions, rare earth element, rare earth elements, rare earth metals, wind energy developments
Rare Earth Element Shortages Threaten Global Wind Power Development
Posted on 16 December 2010 by Sustainability Digest
by Kidela Capital Group
src="http://www.kidela.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/wind-farm.jpg"
alt="Wind Farm" height="292" width="500">
In spite of the recent global economic slowdown, the growth of new
wind energy developments has so far continued unabated. Wind turbine
technology has evolved considerably in the last decade, and new wind
farms are steadily popping up across the globe. To meet rising demand
for renewable, clean sources of energy, the push for more efficient
wind energy technologies has moved from a proverbial light breeze just
a few years ago, to a steady gale today.
The Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) recently predicted that the
world’s wind power capacity will increase by 160 percent in the next
five years, with global installed wind capacity estimated to reach 409
GW by 2014, up from 158.5 GW in 2009.1 This surge in wind
energy projects can be attributed to increased demand as governments
look for cleaner sources of energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
and meet growing energy needs.
Yet experts warn of a front of high pressure blowing in from the
East, which could effectively calm this storm of development — at least
in the short term. The newest wind turbine technologies largely depend
on rare
earth
metals,
quirky elements that are used to make special magnets that dramatically
increase conversion efficiency. Yet the corresponding demand for these
materials is hampered by the fact that almost all of the world’s supply
is concentrated in
strategic investments in
earth
element extraction and refining in the 1980’s has given it
cost advantages in the production process and an effective monopoly of
the industry.
The GWEC’s prediction indicates the generation of an additional
250.5 GW of wind energy will require 167,000 tonnes of
earth
metals.2 To put that in perspective, China, which
currently produces
percent
of the world’s rare earth elements, only produced 150,000
tonnes of rare earth metals in 2009.
China has shown that it is willing and able to control exports in
rare earth metals by restricting supply. This market power is resulting
in significant price instability, and is affecting a wide range of
industries that rely on the astonishing properties of these elements to
produce everything from smart phones to
vehicles.
“Even in the face of a global
recession and financial crisis, wind energy continues
to be the technology of choice in many countries around the world. Wind
power is clean, reliable and quick to install, so it is the most
attractive
solution for improving supply security, reducing CO2 emissions,
and creating thousands of jobs in the process.”
Steve Sawyer, GWEC Secretary General
China and North America remain the largest two potential markets for
wind power expansion. Despite the lagging global economy, this
has hit
US markets particularly hard, government grants and incentives have
kept wind energy growth on track, albeit at a conservative rate.
Although there are a number of large-scale projects in the
regulatory
approval stage In Canada, the adoption rate and scale of investment is
amongst the provincial governments can be described as inconsistent.
Conversely, China’s wind energy developments have expanded at an
incredible rate. In 2009, China accounted for one third of the
world’s
new wind farm development. That year, the country generated 25.9 GW of
wind power, overtaking Germany as the world’s largest producer.
China has announced that in the next ten years it will construct an
additional 133 GW of wind turbine generated electricity. This
plan
will inevitably contribute to a steep rise in demand for use of Chinese
neodymium
and other rare earth metals just to service the country’s domestic wind
turbine market.3
To account for this, China will be forced to either ramp up production
or slash exports. This increased internal demand could be at the
heart
of much of the recent tightening of export quotas and shipments by
China. The effect of their actions has fundamentally shaken the
countries around the world out of their slumber with respect to the
stability of their REE supplies.
Neodymium
is one of the rare earth metals typically used in permanent magnets.
Modern high-efficiency neodymium magnets for wind turbines use close to
half a metric tonne of the element per turbine. Other
rare earth metals used in wind turbines include praseodymium,
dysprosium, and terbium.
Earlier versions of wind turbine technology relied on
electromagnets, which use copper coils fed with electricity from the
generator itself. While effective, these generators were bogged
down
with excess weight. Companies such as
(SI) and
Electric (GE) later developed
turbines that use direct drive generators using permanent magnets. The
motors turn at the same speed as the rotors and therefore have to be
much larger to develop the same power. Yet the weight of the larger
unit is significantly less. By using neodymium in the magnets, the
weight of the generator can be further reduced. According to experts at
Holland’s Delft University of Technology, a 15-mm-thick segment of
permanent magnets can generate the same magnetic field as a 10- to
15-cm section of copper coils.4
Europe was an early adopter of wind power technology, and European
governments have focused strongly on sustainable energy policy in
recent years. But Europe’s capacity is expected to remain somewhat
stagnant in the near future. By 2014, it is expected that Asia
will
surpass Europe in total wind energy generation. South Africa has also
recently disclosed plans for an aggressive foray into the wind power
industry, with two huge projects in the assessment stage.
The reality is that China, despite backing off from earlier
suggestions that it will limit exports, will be forced to adjust if it
hopes to meet its domestic targets. New wind projects currently in the
assessment stage in the US alone could soon outstrip the supply of
Chinese rare earth exports. Therefore it is incumbent on the industry
to identify, secure and develop new non-Chinese sources of these
valuable materials. “That’s a serious issue,” says Henrik Stiesdal,
chief technology officer of Siemens’s wind power unit.5
The reality is wind turbines can be built without rare earths, but
the older permanent magnet technology is dramatically less efficient
than those built with neodymium-based magnets, and depending on the
project, their return on investment may be too far off to be considered.
Not everyone is convinced the drop in the supply of neodymium will
halt the wind turbine industry. Though rare-earth magnets will be
employed for a significant percentage of the large electrical
generators used in wind turbines, smaller units may be engineered using
other technologies that do not use rare earths. Ferrite magnets, for
example, while much less efficient than neodymium magnets, are also
considerably cheaper and in some cases may close the efficiency gap.6
It is clear that while direct drive technology using neodymium is
superior to older wind turbine technology, its potential is ultimately
dependent on the ability of the industry to develop and secure
sources
of supply
earth
metals.
——
1, 2 –
>Global Wind Market Hits 155 GW
3 –
>The Battle Over Rare Earth Metals
4, 5 –
>Wind Turbines Shed Their Gears
6 –
>Magnetics Business & Technology – Summer 2009
Edition (PDF)
Related articles: Rarer Rare Earths Are Not Going To Sink the Wind Power Sector
Can America Regain the Rare Earths Crown?
-
CATEGORIES
- Uncategorized
- Business & Politics
- Science & Technology
- Travel & Nature
- Design & Architecture
- united states
- global climate change
- news
- transportation
- Culture & Celebrity
- science
- Cars & Transportation
- Food & Health
- animals
- conservation
- alternative energy
- design
- Fashion & Beauty
- energy
- Living
- activism
- electronics
- Energy Efficiency
- food
- carbon emissions
-
ARCHIVES
- July 2012 (1)
- May 2012 (220)
- April 2012 (641)
- March 2012 (627)
- February 2012 (517)
- January 2012 (526)
- December 2011 (87)
- November 2011 (46)
- October 2011 (73)
- September 2011 (148)
- August 2011 (107)
- July 2011 (97)
- June 2011 (101)
- May 2011 (98)
- April 2011 (94)
- March 2011 (95)
- February 2011 (64)
- January 2011 (135)
- December 2010 (238)
- November 2010 (75)
- October 2010 (100)
- September 2010 (73)
- August 2010 (79)
- July 2010 (78)
- June 2010 (525)
- May 2010 (856)
- April 2010 (843)
- March 2010 (859)
- February 2010 (690)
- January 2010 (804)
- December 2009 (916)
- November 2009 (782)
- October 2009 (875)
- September 2009 (877)
- August 2009 (807)
- July 2009 (931)
- June 2009 (70)
- May 2009 (79)
- April 2009 (990)
- March 2009 (839)
- February 2009 (788)
- January 2009 (813)
- December 2008 (763)
- November 2008 (799)
- October 2008 (923)
- September 2008 (920)
- August 2008 (769)
- July 2008 (560)
- June 2008 (31)
- May 2008 (5)
